滇池生态动力学模型的改进

在分析滇池生态系统的基础上,从滇池浮游植物的优势种出发,根据各种藻大的生长特性．分别给予不同的温度限制因子,以此推求其增殖速率,并根据不同时期、不同地点优势藻种的构成比,加权出该时段浮游植物总的生长率。这一改进克服了以往模拟计算中把参数取为常数的缺陷．较好地模拟了浮游植物的生长过程和ＴＮ、ＴＰ等水质指标的年内变化情况。      

氯苯类同系物共基质条件下相互作用研究

通过分析贡献因子的方法,研究氯苯类同系物在驯化污泥中同系物共基质条件下的耗氧速率,结果表明,氯苯类同系物共基质条件下存在的相互作用包括竞争,抑制、诱导及共代谢等,有机物间的相互作用受驯化污泥的影响较大,即使对于２种相同的有机物,经污泥不同,作用机制也不相同。     

化学质量平衡法在水体污染物源解析中的应用

化学质量平衡法（ＣＭＢ）是大气污染物源解析的主要方法之一。本实验模拟静肪水全点源恒流排放的条件,各污染物在水中的扩散行为,建立扩散经验模型来验证化学质量平衡法是否适用于水全污染物的源解析。做污染物浓度－距离曲线可预测各污染物的扩散行为;由同一污染源中污染物扩散方程的比较来确定污染源“成分谱”随扩散过程的变化,再由受体的污染物浓度便可求出每一污染源对该受体的贡献度,除极个别点外,污染物浓度实验值与预     

Study on particulate matter air pollution,source origin,and human health risk based of PM10 metal content in Volos City,Greece

Investigations on the fluctuation in PM₁₀ air pollution in Volos, a medium-sized industrialized port city in the Mediterranean, are presented for the 5-year period between 2009 and 2014. The levels detected have been examined in relation to legislatively set limits, sampling year, and day of the week. A PM₁₀ spring sampling campaign has been performed in 2014 and metals and other elements in the PM₁₀ mass have been quantified. Source origin has been attempted for the latter sampling campaign and human health risk has been assessed. Results show compliance with the mean annual value of 40 μg m^?3 of 2008/50/EC for the city; however, exceedances of the daily quality standard of 50 μg m^?3 were frequently recorded. Shifts in PM₁₀ concentrations and in contributing sources have been recorded; nevertheless, longer duration data series are needed for safe deductions. Element measurements have enabled source identification for early summer of 2014, with Earth's crust minerals and anthropogenic sources being the main factors. Cumulative non-carcinogenic risk may exceed the threshold value of 1. Possible involvement of sea salt aerosol and desert dust long-range transport has also been assessed. These results may furnish databases on PM pollution of Greek cities as well as other Mediterranean urban centers with similar characteristics.     

基于环境基尼系数的控制单元水污染负荷分配优化研究

将基尼系数这一福利经济学概念引入松花江流域水污染物负荷分配过程,综合考虑水循环的社会-经济-资源-环境因素,从社会经济发展、科技进步水平、水污染治理水平和资源禀赋差异角度出发,遴选出人均GDP、重污染行业总产值比重、人均水污染物产生强度、工业水污染物去除率、生活水污染物去除率、单位国土面积水资源量、国控劣Ⅴ类断面占比7项指标,以COD及NH_3-N负荷为控制因子,辅以贡献系数这一表征外部不公平性参数,构建了以基尼系数为度量标准的流域水污染负荷优化分配模型,并据此制订了松花江流域33个控制单元基于公平性的水污染负荷分配方案。研究表明,2012年松花江流域基于7项指标的基尼系数值均大于0.4,超过了基尼系数合理警戒线,说明流域控制单元间COD及NH_3-N排放在社会经济和资源环境方面存在不公平现象,其中松花江干流和第二松花江流域是不公平性特征最为突出的两个流域。在Lingo模型优化分配得到的2020年流域各单元COD削减方案中,单元21的年削减量最大,为1.82万t/a,单元10的年均削减率最高,达8%;在相应NH_3-N削减方案中,单元21的年削减量及削减率均为最大,分别达到0.08万t/a及8%。     

北方沙尘对四川盆地环境空气质量影响和特征分析

利用沙尘天气资料和颗粒物浓度、激光雷达监测数据以及后向轨迹,分析浮尘天气的气象特征及传输路径,构建了浮尘天气对四川盆地各城市大气环境质量影响的量化指标,并利用该量化指标分析了浮尘天气对四川盆地各城市大气环境的影响,得出2013—2015年浮尘对四川盆地PM_(10)年均质量浓度的贡献,2013—2015年约为4.82、1.00、0.56μg/m~3;浮尘对PM_(10)年均质量浓度的贡献川西区域最大,川东北区域次之,川中区域最小,其贡献量分别为3.5、2.2、1.4μg/m~3。同时还进一步分析浮尘对区域PM_(10)影响差异的原因。     

内、外循环EGSB反应器酸碱调控能力的对比试验研究

通过对比运行试验，研究了内、外循环EGSB反应器酸碱特征及其调控能力。结果表明，内、外循环厌氧反应器内部的pH值分布规律相似，较低有机负荷时pH值梯度变化较小，较高负荷时随循环比变化pH值分布有所差别，但2种条件下循环比为3时反应器内pH值均可达到较均衡的分布。相同原水pH值条件下外循环体系pH值要高于内循环体系pH值，2种条件下体系pH值变化趋势较为一致，二者平均差值在0．5个单位左右。循环厌氧反应器系统pH值维持在6．3—6．8可以较好地保障系统正常运行，为了保证此条件，外循环运行方式对原水pH值的极限调节范围是4．5—6．8，内循环运行方式对原水pH值的极限调节范围是5．3—7．2。该成果对于研究和应用内外循环EGSB反应器具有理论参考和实用价值。     

环境科学技术进步贡献率测算方法探讨

运用科技进步计量测算模型，对江苏省１９８０～１９９３年科技进步在控制环境污染中的贡献率和影响程度进行定量分析。结果表明，科技进步对江苏省环境保护事业的贡献率仅占６．８４％，远未发挥出其应有的作用。     

盾构隧道内大客车人员下车试验及数值模拟研究

为研究盾构隧道火灾时大客车人员构成比例及满载系数对下车时间影响,采用现场试验及Pathfinder数值模拟,分析不同人员构成比例及满载系数下大客车人员下车过程。结果表明:不考虑人员疏散反应时间情况,大客车下车时间为54～68 s,大客车平均下车时间为60.68 s,每位人员平均下车时间为1.22 s;老人下车时间最长,成年女士下车时间最短,成年男士与儿童下车时间基本相等。当老人比例在30%~80%范围变化时,下车时间随老人比例增大显著增加;成年女士比例对大客车下车时间影响较小;大客车人员下车时间与满载系数相关,随满载系数增加而增加,并趋于正比例函数关系。     

Seasonal variation and source estimation of organic compounds in urban aerosol of Augsburg, Germany

This study reports a general assessment of the organic composition of the PM_2.5 samples collected in the city of Augsburg, Germany in a summer (August-September 2007) and a winter (February-March 2008) campaign of 36 and 30 days, respectively. The samples were directly submitted to in-situ derivatisation thermal desorption gas chromatography coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry (IDTD-GC-TOFMS) to simultaneously determine the concentrations of many classes of molecular markers, such as n-alkanes, iso- and anteiso-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxidized PAHs, n-alkanoic acids, alcohols, saccharides and others.The PCA analysis of the data identified the contributions of three emission sources, i.e., combustion sources, including fossil fuel emissions and biomass burning, vegetative detritus, and oxidized PAHs. The PM chemical composition shows seasonal trend: winter is characterized by high contribution of petroleum/wood combustion while the vegetative component and atmospheric photochemical reactions are predominant in the hot season.